Internal-combustion engine.



dei'. 'The piifsoiil. stiitii ril thvI i-'ii'ty diiiis not @ARL O.

To all whom if may mit cem."

lle it hiinwn tliiil l, Cviiii, A citiztin nl thv lliiited States Ol i sidingV :it Springfield. iii the This iiivciitinn i'liitl... lio i ariiiiliiisA lion viigiiios :intl has im? its fililiitis4 the piiiiisifiii nl' iiiviiiis i @iiiiiy when tilitl thi'iilt'ling' diici: is iipiiivd viiiid its noiiiizil pnsititiii iiiulins im 'pini' @d to pdjifiiiit the entrance iii'tii -th cvliiidtii of ziiiwiiifiiliiiiy ali supply; :i iiiithei' lijff et, of th@ iii- Veiitioii being tn pilivide inciiiis lim iitivct ing a pi'iiiiiii'y exhaust', @if the cyliiidei at nr naar the @iid uf the powei Stroke, 'the deviafor supplying uiixiliiiiv :iii und foi ell'ccliiig said piiiiiuiy eiiliiiiisl heiiig piefei'zibiyti0ri billed iii 0n@ iiicfzliiiiiisiii though not: necessarily The regiihiioii (if the ziiixiliiiiy iiii stipplyl is controlled h v the iiioveiiioiitV oli the thipttliiig inechsiiiisiii :illhiiiigh do not limit myself tio such ii construction :incl ii'iii'lv 0peiate the uiixiliiiiy nii' suppl),v indnpcndtinty of lliti throttle valve, rthis regulation of the auxiliary iiiiI supply piiii-iiits the speed 0i" thu cuginix to liti Controlled within wide liinils, siiicii when it is desired t0 Olitiiiii ii 10W piston sptd ii piiitizil viicniiiii iii thv. cylinder is iiticesssiii. When high speed is desired, the viii'iiiiin iiiiist hu dusti'oviid zuid l the incluis of :ititiiiiiiiigi` this iosiill is h v ini-,ans (if zi thi-nttliiig;- diivitfi, iindoi the t-niiliol of they uj'iciiitoi'` wihvi'uliy :iii' iiiidti1 :itiiitisphuiic pitissiii'v is iidiiiilttid to the (zyliniidiiiiiI the spoed ot thu Luigino to hi: Cunti'ollcd within wide liniits hv viiifviiig the Vhinio of :iiil :idinittud to thcy c vliiidvi iii proportion to thu spend i'iifiiiiited. ln :ii'diii' t0 iiccoiiiplis'h lhty :iliiivlx whiwts, i'til'iii'ciiizti is iiizidvl to the `fiill d 1 iiptiiin iii tht1 hfid'y olf thi: si'iecificiitioii.

Serial No. 4434355.

valves iii section in the same position but, in ii pinne. :il right'- :iiigles to that oit Fig. 1, as on lince 2Q-L thQ cylinder iviill being also iii section to show the port therein coiniiiiiiiiuiting with said iii-take and exhaust Valves zuid slimviiig the exhaust Valve closed and 'winke vzilvii open. Fig. -3 is i sidu elevatimi :if a cyliiid@ :ind ci'ziiili-czisiiigof iin engine mi ii siiiiilhri' smile having tlm valves shiiivn iii Figs. l :ind E2 applied thereto sind showing` iniiiis to zicliiiite said. vii-lim, sind shuwisiy; iiieiiiis uninitiated with the throtiling device in :i i'iii'hiii'et'ei' tio Qontrol the supply of :iii' t i siiid iiitzile vulve, the 0X- hziiis'i' vulve in this View being open, :is :it the Y 'liiiiisl viilvc is shown iii closed position, :is

:it thm-'nd (if thv iii-lake, sti'okc, und iii-take valifiipcn toil iidniissioii 0l' air, and means tfii operating thty :iiixilizii'y air iii-take valve, independently of the liiotthi valve.

)is generally tiiiistiiicled, when iin iiitviiizil foinhiistioii inntoiis i'iiiiiiing iiiidtii' full thi'olth. that is :it its iiizixiniiiiii speed, the zii'tii oi tho iii-tiil ti pzissiig'ts is not snlliciciity lo pi-i'init thtx u'xvliiidci' tu till uoiiipletcly. thi :iwniint 0l' this tiiihii'u nl the cyliiidoi' to vtiiiiplvtoly i'll iit. high piston speeds, :i piii'- liiil vm'niini is t-iiismpitnlly produced liiiuli nl lht` pistlin, thiisl iiitw'viitiiig the engine 'li'iiiii pi'tidiiiiiig' its l'iill pnwoi'. rlhis loss 0l piiwtichinos li'oin thu niixtniil (if giisolviie :ind :iii heini); iiiipi'oiwi'lv pi-iipoi'tiiiiitd, :ind l'iii'thti 'l'i'tiiii thv l'mt that thv piston is with iitiiigii piiil'izil viivniiin in the v ylindci' which nl' voili'so iiits :is il drug' on th@x angine. lii tii'dti4 to m'iitninil tlitise t\v dt fl'0cls, iiii, :inX- iliiii iiiht iii' :iii'-pt i't, is pitividid iitiii' thcy @iid 0l' llw straks* which is nnmvoi'cd by. the

ill() ltlti iliary air which may be permitted to enter the cylinder will be in exact proportion to the opening of the throttle beyond the degree of its opening required for normal conditions of operation, although, as will be described, such auxiliary valve may be operated independently of the throttle.

Rel'erring to the drawings, a indicates a portion of the wall of a cylinder of an engine of the type referred to in which is located a port Jg which serves the double purpose of, at one point during the cycle of the piston, admitting air, and at another point in said cycle serving for the ejection of the exhaust gases, as follows: Secured to the cylinder wall in any way is a valve casing c, and extending into this casing is a valvestem l carrying the exhaustvalvc e, and a valve f for the admission of air. The Valvecasing is provided with two chambers, (g, at the lower part thereof, and L at the upper part thereof) located respectively on opposite sides of the port b, opposite which is a centrally located chamber /e in the valvecas'iug with which, by means of the exhaust valve and the air-inlet valve, the chambers y and IL are respectively placed in communication at the proper time. An exhaust pipe m communicates with the chamber g and in the chamber l1, is an air-tln'ottlin admission valve 0 (which may be of any suitable construction) whereby, by means of a suitable connection, as p, which extends to the throttling mechanism of the engine, one or more air'ports l] in the chamber l may be opened or closed by the movements o'tf the throttlingdevices, or l may operate the valve 0 independently of the throttling mechanism as by means of the rod p1 (see Fig. Ll). i

Referring to Fig. 3, it will be seen that the throttling devices shown herein are con-- nected directly with the carbureter 1',the throttlinedevice, being;` lettered s, but are not ,so connected in Fig, 'ft. 'lhis device may be considered as beingrepresented only con-v ventionally andl any of the many well known types may be used, it. being actuated by means ol" a connection f extending;` to within convenient reach of the operator. 'lhe throttliugA device is ,so connected by menus ot the rod l with the air throttliner admission valve o that. the ports will not be uucovered by any movement oli the throttlinpr mechanism up to and including' the normal speed of operation of the engine; but if the throttling' device be, actuated to increase the speed beyond this point then the ports r/ will be gradually uncovered in proportion to the degrcclo which the throttle may be opened thus permitting the entrance of air into the cylinder through thc chamber /1V of the valvccasing' c; and. inversely, these.

)ox-ts will be closed by the closing` movement of the throttling devices. The. exhaust valve e and the air inlet-valve f are on the same stem v and therefore when one is closed the other will be opened, and the valve-stem may be actuated by a suitable cam, as fw, shown in one position in Fig. 3, and in the opposite )osition in Fig. 4. The piston of the engine, indicated by fc, coperates with the valve mechanism heretofore described, in that the port t) is opened -and closed by the movement of the piston. Referring further to the last named figure, 3 may represent the stem ot' an exhaust valve which is located at the upper end of the cylinder; 4 may represent an in-take valve located, as usual, between the carbureter and the upper end of the cylinder; 5 being a mutiler with which the exhaust-pipe m. from the valve-casing c connects, the exhaust-pipe G communicating with theL upper end of the cylinder, being made into this pipe m before the latterenters the mutller.

'.lhe operation of the hereinbefore -described devices is as follows: Assuming the piston to be at the limit of its upward move ment on the compression stroke, and that the charge of combustible is ignited, the piston moves downward, and as theupper end thereof reaches the port t), the cam ce, as shown in Fig. 3, raises the exhaust valve e from its seat and permitsthe products of combustion to escape under the valve e into the chamber c and'out through the exhaustpipe n1. This primary exhaust will clear the cylinder of the greater part of its contents` the valve f at this time remaining closed. As the piston begins its upward movement on the scavenging stroke, the pri: mary exhaust valve c closes` which move* meut causes thc inlet valve to open, but at about this time the upward movement of the piston will have covered the port b that the opening' of a'passage through the valve j' to the atmosphere is of no effect. During the scavenging stroke` the exhaust valve tl. at the upp'er end of the cylinder opens, as usual in the four-cycle type of'engincs, closing at the beginningr of the next downward suction stroke of the piston. lf. when this downward stroke takes place the throttle of the engine is opened to a degree beyond the normal. the ports q leading to the chau'iber Il. ill gradually open in proportion to the actuation ol the throttliuj;l device, and` as descrita-d. mort` or less of a vacuum will be formed behind the piston owing;r toits xgfreatly increased speed. but: will be destroyed by reason ot the air entering the cylinder through the auxiliary inlet valve f. rlhe port through the wall ot the cylinder is so located that bet'orc the piston has completed its ,stx-oke. thc port will be uncovered and the inlet valve bein;r open at this point of the en ;ine cycle. air will enter through the port f] at atmospheric pressure past this valve f which will immediately allow the cylinder ite to fill, that is, it will equalize the pressure between the interior of the cylinder and the atmosphere and aty the same time produce a correct mixture of air and gasolene in the cylinder chamber. The next half-stroke up ward of the piston is the compression stroke which completes its cycle` and this takes place against a completely filled cylinder. It is to be noted that the air throttling intake Valve o may be so adjusted as to admit air in any quantity desired and independently of the throttle valve v by means of the rod p1.

By the use of the herein described devices, it is possible to obtain an increase in power from the engine by reason of an increased charge which can not be obtained when the partial vacuum is present.

When the device is used in connection with an air-cooled engine, it is possible to maintain a much lower cylinder temperature, first. because of the primary exhaust at the end of the power stroke; and, secondly, because ot'4 the relatively low temperature o the auxiliary air supply whiirh 1s admitted through the valve f.

lt should be stated that the exhaust valve e is normally closed on its seat and the in take valve f normally open by means of the spring?,V encircling` the valve-stein al; but when the cam 'w opens the exhaust-valve e and closes the in-take valve the products of combustion are prevented from iiowing into the chamber it and out through the airthrottlingl admission valve 0 as readily understood. The operator can, it he chooses, completelyy close the portsg by the rod p1 and permit the engine to slow down by reason of the production et the partial vacuum behind the piston, as described, or he may speed up the engine more or less by opening the ports f] and permitting the atmospheric air to llow into the cylinder through the port Z and past the intake valve f as described.

What i claim, is 2 l. lnA an internal combustion engine, a cylinder, a suitable air-throttiinga mechanism therefor for controlling the iiow of air to the cylinder and communicating with the atmosphere, and a piston for the cylinder, there being' a port through the wall ofthe cylinder near ,the lower end thereof past which. the piston moves, a valve-casing in communication with the cylinder through said port, means "for admitting atinosl'ihcric air into said casing', and an auxiliary air intake valve in said casing, together with means for actuating said valve, said, airs throttling mechanism being' adapted to control the flow o? air past the auxiliary airintale valve, whereby at one point. in the cycle of the engine conununication may be established with the cylinder tl'irough 'the port, whereby any partial Vacuum crc .ted by the piston may be destroyed.

tifa 2. ln an internal combustion engine, a

cylinder, and a piston for the cylinder, there being a port through the wall of the cylinder near the lower end thereof past which. the piston moves, a valve-casing having a chamber therein in communication with said port, an air iii-take valve in said chamber, an exhaust chamber in communication with said port, an exhaust valve in the exhaust chaml'ier, means to open and close said air intake valve at proper times, an air-throttling admission valve tor controlling the 'whereby should a partial vacuum occur in the cylinder behind the piston, the partial vacuum may be overcome and at the same time the explosive mixture varied by the ad mission et air to the cylinder, as described.

Ll. ln anv internal combustion engine, a cylinder, and a piston ior the cylinder, there being a port through the )yall of the cyl inder near the lower end thereof past which the piston mores, and an air iirtake valverto open and close" said port, and an air-throttlingj admission valve Yfor controlling the lou' of air through the air iii-take valve.

ln an internal combustion engine, a cylinder, a suitable throttling mechanism therefor, and a piston for the cylinder, there being a port through the wall ot' the cylinder near the lou'er end thereof past which the pisl'onmoves, av valve-casing in eommunic; tion with the cylinder' through said port, means for admitting atniosphereic air into said easiu f, and an auxiliary air in-take valve in said casing, together with means for actuating' said valve whereby at one point in the cycle ot the engine communication may be establisl'icd with the cylinder through the port. whereby any partial vacuum created by the piston may be destroyed, and controlling' means tor the admission of airl into said easing.

ln an internal combustion engine, a cylinder, a piston therefor, the cylinder havport therein near the end ot the piston stroke, a casing; secured to the cylinder and provided with inlet and exhaust chambers having; communication with the port, an inlet and an exhaust valve tor controlling the flow ot air into and the burned gasesfrom the cylinder, means 'for operating said valveswhereby at a point in the engine cycle atmospheric air may be adn'litted to the cyluuh-l' and at another point m the engine cycle the burned gases may escape from the ycyl'uuh-r through said port, and an nir- \'liuder und near the end of the pistonslroke, an nir ill-luke valve mounted in the chamber. means for operating the Saune,v and an air-throttling valve for regulating the volume of atmospheric air which may be admitted to the engine cylinder at :L predetermined point in the engine cycle, as described.

8. The combination With the cylinder and piston of an internal combustion engine, the cylinder wall having an opening therethrough near the end of the piston-stroke, a casing secured to the cylinder, an air intake and exhaust valve mounted therein and.

Secured to :L common Stein, the air in-take valve being open during the suction oomproseion and power stroke of the piston, and the exhaust valve closed, and an airthrottling mechanism for controlling the Supply of air to said iii-take Valve, said eX haust'valve being open and the iii-take valve closed dl'lring the scavenging Stroke, as described.

CARL O.. HEDSTROM. 

